美国著名文化人类学家本尼迪克有一本著名的书,叫《文化模式》,它认为,西方文化是罪感文化,东方文化是耻感文化,这便是所谓的“文化模式”。实际上,文化模式应当是一种有机的生态结构,而不是某种特征。耻感与罪感也许概括了东西方文化的重要乃至主要特征,但并不能由此说,它们就是东西方的“文化模式”。严格意义上的中国传 Benedict, a famous American cultural anthropologist, has a famous book called “Cultural Model.” It holds that Western culture is a culture of guilt and Eastern culture is a culture of shame. This is called “cultural model.” In fact, the cultural model should be an organic ecological structure, not a certain feature. Shame and guilt perhaps generalize the important and even main features of Eastern and Western cultures, but they can not be said that they are the “cultural patterns” of East and West. Chinese tradition in the strict sense