Upland red soils have been identified as major CO 2 and N 2 O sources induced by human activities such as fertilization. To monitor characteristics of soil surface CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes in cropland ecosystems after continuous fertilizer applications over decades and to separate the respective contributions of root and heterotrophic respiration to the total soil CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes, the measurements of soil surface CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes throughout the maize growing season in 2009 were carried out based on a fertilization experiment(from 1990) through of the maize(Zea mays L.) growing season in red soil in southern China. Five fertilization treatments were chosen from the experiment for study: zero-fertilizer application(CK), nitrogen-phosphoruspotassium(NPK) fertilizer application only, pig manure(M), NPK plus pig manure(NPKM) and NPK with straw(NPKS). Six chambers were installed in each plot. Three of them are in the inter-row soil(NR) and the others are in the soil within the row(R). Each fertilizer treatment received the same amount of N(300 kg ha-1 yr-1). Results showed that cumulative soil CO 2 fluxes in NR or R were both following the order: NPKS>M, NPKM>NPK>CK. The contributions of root respiration to soil CO 2 fluxes was 40, 44, 50, 47 and 35% in CK, NPK, NPKM, M and NPKS treatments, respectively, with the mean value of 43%. Cumulative soil N 2 O fluxes in NR or R were both following the order: NPKS, NPKM>M>NPK>CK, and soil N 2 O fluxes in R were 18, 20 and 30% higher than that in NR in NPKM, M and NPKS treatments, respectively, but with no difference between NR and R in NPK treatment. Furthermore, combine with soil temperature at-5 cm depth and soil moisture(0-20 cm) together could explain 55-70% and 42-59% of soil CO 2 and N 2 O emissions with root interference and 62-78% and 44-63% of that without root interference, respectively. In addition, soil CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes per unit yield in NPKM(0.55 and 0.10 kg C t-1) and M(0.65 and 0.13 g N t-1) treatments were lower than those in other treatments. Therefore, manure application could be a preferred fertilization strategy in red soils in South China. Upland red soils have been identified as major CO 2 and N 2 O sources induced by human activities such as fertilization. To monitor characteristics of soil surface CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes in cropland ecosystems after continuous fertilizer applications over decades and to separate parts contributions of root and heterotrophic respiration to the total soil CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes, the measurements of soil surface CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes throughout the maize growing season in 2009 were carried out based on a fertilization experiment (from 1990) through of the maize (Zea mays L.) growing season in red soil in southern China. Five fertilization treatments were chosen from the experiment for study: zero-fertilizer application (CK), nitrogen-phosphorus potassium Three of them are in the inter-row soil (NR) and the others are in the soil within the row (M), NPK plus pig manure (NPKM) and NPK with straw R) . Each fertilizer treatment received the same amount of N (300 kg ha-1 yr-1). Results showed that cumulative soil CO 2 fluxes in NR or R were both following the order: NPKS> M, NPKM> NPK> CK. contributions of root respiration to soil CO 2 fluxes was 40, 44, 50, 47 and 35% in CK, NPK, NPKM, M and NPKS treatments, respectively, with the mean value of 43%. Cumulative soil N 2 O fluxes in NR NPK, NPKM> M> NPK> CK, and soil N2O fluxes in R were 18, 20 and 30% higher than that in NR in NPKM, M and NPKS treatments, respectively, but with no difference between NR and R in NPK treatment. Furthermore, combine with soil temperature at-5 cm depth and soil moisture (0-20 cm) could could explain 55-70% and 42-59% of soil CO 2 and N 2 O emissions with root interference and 62-78% and 44-63% of that without root interference, respectively. In addition, soil CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes per unit yield in NPKM (0.55 and 0.10 kg C t-1) and M (0.65 and 0.13 g N t-1) treatmentswere lower than those in other treatments. Thus, manure application could be a preferred fertilization strategy in red soils in South China.