分封制始于商朝而成熟于西周,在当时的历史条件下,是适应当时社会发展需要的,因而是进步的。然而,战国以后,随着封建地主经济的发展,分封制的正统地位受到了新生的郡县制的挑战。秦始皇结束战国纷争而实现天下一统,从此开辟中国两千多年的封建历史;而汉朝则是在秦的基础上巩固并开拓了封建制度。秦汉两朝,在统治者不断的探索和实践中,分封制和郡县制的角逐终于以郡县制的胜出告一段落。本文以分封制为切入点,分成两个部分对秦汉时期的政治制度进行较为全面的介绍 Separation began in the Shang Dynasty and matured in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Under the historical conditions of the time, the seal system was adapted to the needs of social development at that time and was therefore progressive. However, after the Warring States period, with the economic development of feudal landlords, the orthodox position of seizure was challenged by the newly born county and county system. Qin Shi Huang ended the Warring States disputes and unified the world, thus opening up China’s two thousand years of feudal history; while the Han Dynasty was on the basis of Qin to consolidate and open up the feudal system. During the Qin and Han dynasties, with the continuous exploration and practice by the rulers, the competition between sub-system and county-level system finally came to an end with the victory of the county-level system. In this paper, the sub-seal system as the starting point, divided into two parts of the Qin and Han Dynasties during a more comprehensive introduction of the political system