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麦类作物是人类主要的食物来源,其遗传改良对于保障世界粮食生产具有重要作用。获得麦类作物的基因组和功能基因组信息是作物遗传育种学家解析种质资源高产及抗逆机理,并准确选择目标性状、实现分子设计育种目标的有效途径。目前,二穗短柄草(Brachypodium distachyum)是早熟禾亚科中唯一完成全基因组测序的植物。以二穗短柄草为模式植物,利用比较基因组学方法获得早熟禾亚科中基因组庞大而复杂的麦类作物的相关信息,必将加速麦类作物的遗传改良进程。本文重点介绍近十年来短柄草在麦类作物比较基因组学方面的研究进展。
Wheat crops are the main source of food for human beings and their genetic improvement plays an important role in safeguarding world food production. Obtaining the genomic and functional genomic information of wheat crops is an effective way for crop geneticists and breeders to analyze the high yield and anti-stress mechanism of germplasm resources, select the target trait accurately and achieve the target of molecular design breeding. At present, Brachypodium distachyum is the only plant in the genus Poaceae to complete genome-wide sequencing. Using the Brassicaceae as a model plant, the comparative genomics method to obtain the information about the large and complex genomic wheat crops in Poaceae will speed up the genetic improvement of wheat crops. This article focuses on the research progress of Brachiaria comparative genomics in the past decade.