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为了解亚热带无隔热层钟楼式单层彩钢瓦屋面棚舍栓系饲养模式下的环境特征,在凤阳测定了肉牛舍的温度、湿度、气流、PM10、NH3等指标。结果:夏季,棚舍内外温湿度几乎相同,换气量超过了最大换气量,PM10优于卫生标准,温湿指数范围为78～87,肉牛处于热应激状态。考虑了气流影响的体感温度范围为25.1～32.2℃,气流显著地减少了高温的影响。晴天棚顶内外表面温度最大相差1.2℃,棚顶隔热能力差,棚顶内表面最高可达48.3℃,此时的舍内气温仅为33.1℃,棚舍自然换气调节是环境控制的主体,适当架高棚顶,开设钟楼换气口有利于畜舍通风换气。冬季,舍内温度范围为-1～7.5℃,舍外温度范围-3.3～5.5℃,温差仅2℃,舍内风速为0.2～0.4 m/s,舍外风速为1.01～2.53 m/s。舍内湿度高于舍外,超过了肉牛生长的适宜湿度范围,NH3浓度优于卫生标准,冬季棚舍四周围挡塑料薄膜,减少了换气量,保温作用弱,空气质量下降。
In order to understand the environmental characteristics of the sub-tropical belfort-style single-story color steel tile roof shed tethered rearing environment, the temperature, humidity, airflow, PM10, NH3 and other indicators were measured in Fengyang. Results: In summer, the temperature and humidity inside and outside the shelter were almost the same, and the ventilation rate exceeded the maximum ventilation rate. PM10 was superior to the hygiene standard, and the temperature and humidity index ranged from 78 to 87. The beef cattle were in the state of heat stress. The somatosensory temperature range that takes into account the influence of the air flow is 25.1 to 32.2 ° C, and the airflow significantly reduces the influence of the high temperature. On sunny days, the maximum difference between the inner and outer surface temperatures of the roof is 1.2 ℃, the insulation ability of the roof is poor, the inner surface of the roof can reach 48.3 ℃, the indoor temperature is only 33.1 ℃, and the natural ventilation of the shed is the main body of environmental control , Appropriate overhead roof, opening bell tower ventilation is conducive to the breeding ground ventilation. In winter, the inner temperature range is -1 ~ 7.5 ℃, the temperature range is -3.3 ~ 5.5 ℃, the temperature difference is only 2 ℃, the indoor wind speed is 0.2 ~ 0.4 m / s and the wind speed is 1.01 ~ 2.53 m / s. The humidity inside the house is higher than that outside the house, exceeding the suitable humidity range for the growth of beef cattle. The NH3 concentration is better than the health standard. The plastic film surrounds the shelter in winter to reduce the air exchange capacity, weak the heat preservation effect and reduce the air quality.