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电压依赖性钙通道(VDCC)是生物体内一大类钙通道,随着膜电位的改变而出现通道的开放、关闭和失活,调节细胞内Ca2+浓度,最终产生生物学效应。其亚型结构各异,在胰腺、心、脑、肾上腺、视网膜及神经等组织器官均有不同程度的分布。VDCC存在的普遍性决定了其作用的广泛性。在胰腺β细胞上,VDCC亚型包括L-型钙通道和非L-型钙通道,对β细胞的钙电流均有贡献,且都参与了胰岛素的分泌过程,对胰岛素的分泌时相起调控作用。因此,了解β细胞中VDCC不同亚型的特点、分布及生物学作用,对阐明糖尿病的发病机制、寻找有效的治疗策略具有重要意义。
Voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) is a large class of calcium channels in the body. With the change of membrane potential, the opening, closing and inactivation of channels appear and the intracellular Ca2 + concentration is regulated, finally resulting in biological effects. Its subtype structure varies, in the pancreas, heart, brain, adrenal gland, retina and nerves and other tissues and organs have varying degrees of distribution. The prevalence of VDCC determines the breadth of its role. On pancreatic beta cells, the VDCC subtypes include both L-type calcium channels and non-L-type calcium channels that contribute to the beta-cell calcium current and are involved in the insulin secretion process that regulates insulin secretion effect. Therefore, to understand the characteristics, distribution and biological roles of different subtypes of VDCC in β-cell is of great significance for elucidating the pathogenesis of diabetes and finding an effective therapeutic strategy.