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目的了解宁波地区医疗机构宫颈癌防治资源的情况以及当地女性对宫颈癌筛查的认知情况。方法采用整群抽样的方法,在宁波地区随机抽取医疗机构19家,其中市级医疗机构2家、县级医疗机构11家、乡级医疗机构6家。女性常住人口3 900人进行问卷调查。采用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析,采用计数资料行列表的χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果各级医疗机构均开展了宫颈癌筛查项目,市级医疗机构全部开展了6种宫颈癌筛查项目,但仅有6家医疗机构开展HPV-DNA检测,9家开展宫颈病理诊断。宫颈癌筛查方式包括组织性筛查、门诊机会性筛查、体检等方式。对常住人口共发放问卷3 900份,回收有效问卷3 609份。宁波地区妇女对宫颈癌可以早期发现的认知度为71.71%,年龄、职业、文化程度、城乡分布、经济状况等影响妇女的认知度(χ2=19.719、69.963、257.236、88.373、91.290,P<0.05)。对“持续高危型HPV感染”是宫颈癌的病因的认知度仅为28.10%。85.48%的被调查者愿意参加宫颈癌筛查。48.96%的人愿意承受100元以下的费用。2年内参加过宫颈癌筛查的女性仅占50.9%。结论宁波地区医疗机构具备开展宫颈癌筛查和治疗的条件。宁波地区妇女对宫颈癌筛查及其病因的认知度较低,其认知度与年龄、职业、文化程度、城乡分布、经济状况等有联系。
Objective To understand the situation of cervical cancer prevention and treatment resources of medical institutions in Ningbo and the cognition of cervical cancer screening by local women. Methods By cluster sampling, 19 medical institutions were randomly selected in Ningbo, including 2 municipal-level medical institutions, 11 county-level medical institutions and 6 township-level medical institutions. 3,900 permanent female population surveyed. SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis, using the chi-square test of count data row list, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results Cervical cancer screening programs were carried out in medical institutions at all levels. Six kinds of cervical cancer screening programs were carried out in municipal medical institutions, but only six medical institutions carried out HPV-DNA tests and nine cervical pathological diagnosis. Cervical cancer screening methods include organizational screening, outpatient opportunistic screening, physical examination and other means. A total of 3 900 questionnaires were distributed to permanent residents and 3,609 valid questionnaires were returned. Ningbo women’s awareness of early detection of cervical cancer was 71.71%, age, occupation, education level, urban and rural distribution, economic status affect women’s awareness (χ2 = 19.719,69.963,257.236,88.373,91.290, P <0.05). On the “continuous high-risk HPV infection” is the cause of cervical cancer awareness of only 28.10%. 85.48% of the respondents are willing to participate in cervical cancer screening. 48.96% of people are willing to bear the cost of less than 100 yuan. Only 50.9% of women participated in cervical cancer screening in 2 years. Conclusion Medical institutions in Ningbo have the conditions to carry out screening and treatment of cervical cancer. Women in Ningbo have a low awareness of cervical cancer screening and its etiology, and its cognition is related to age, occupation, educational level, urban-rural distribution and economic status.