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水是中国最匮乏的资源之一。中国的人均可循环水资源获得量只有世界平均水平的1／3。而且,中国水资源的分布与人口的分布并不一致,大多数的水资源集中在南方,而中国人口的40％居住在北方。因此,中国北方大量人口的人均水资源拥有量仅为 728A方米,相比之下,日本和泰国人均水资源拥有量为3380立方米。在水资源丰富的美国、印度尼西亚和缅旬,人均水资源拥有量更高。管理好中国稀缺的水资源对中国的未来发展至关重要。如果不进行重大改革,水资源紧张将成为阻碍中国城市和农村发展的一个瓶颈。建设和实行水权、水市场制度,是中国更好地管理水资源的一种方式。
Water is one of the scarce resources in China. China’s per capita availability of recycled water resources is only 1/3 of the world average. Moreover, the distribution of water resources in China is not consistent with the distribution of the population. Most of the water resources are concentrated in the south, while 40% of China’s population lives in the north. As a result, the large population of northern China has a per capita water resource of only 728 square meters, compared to 3,380 cubic meters per capita in Japan and Thailand. In the water-rich United States, Indonesia and Burma, the per capita availability of water is higher. Managing China’s scarce water resources is crucial to China’s future development. Without major reforms, water stress will become a bottleneck that hinders the development of cities and rural areas in China. Building and implementing water rights and water market systems is a way for China to better manage its water resources.