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在小儿中枢神经系统疾病中，如高胆红素血症、缺血缺氧性脑病、巨细胞病毒感染、脑瘫等均可导致脑干听觉系统神经纤维变性坏死，髓鞘破坏，造成听力损害。传统听觉测试因患儿年龄小或疾病状态影响难以实施，尤其是确定小婴儿病变部位及损害程度较困难。脑干听觉诱发电位(brainstem auditory evoked potential，BAEP)是一种敏感且客观的神经电生理检查方法，对评估脑干听觉功能具有重要意义。该文对儿科临床BAEP的应用进展进行综述。“,”Diseases of central nervous system in childhood, such as hyperbilirubinemia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, cytomegalovirus infection, cerebral palsy, etc, can lead to nerve fiber degeneration, necrosis and myelin damage in brain stem auditory system, resulting in hearing impairment.It is difficult to determine the severity and location of hearing lesion due to the younger age of the patients when using traditional hearing test.Brainstem auditory evoked potential(BAEP)is a kind of sensitive and objective neuroelectrophysiological method for evaluating auditory function of brainstem.In this paper, the progress of BAEP in pediatric clinical use is reviewed, to guide preferable assessment of the brainstem injury in clinical practices.