司法活动是州县行政的重要职能之一,吏役是这一职能的主要行使者。州县司法过程包括接收呈词、查勘与缉拿和词讼审理诸环节,捕盗关系和规费收取在极大程度上影响司法过程和审判结果,官箴文献、档案实录等史料非常清晰地反映了这点。司法过程所暴露出的局限和诸多问题的产生本质上根源于清代基层政治、经济所面临的困境。 Judicial activities are one of the important functions of the county administrative staff is the main exercise of this function. The judiciary process in the county includes receiving and presenting, investigating and seizing, and litigation. The relationship between capture and theft and the collection of fees greatly affect the judicial process and the outcome of the trial. The data of official prose and archives reflect very clearly this point. The limitations and problems arising from the judicial process are essentially rooted in the predicament faced by the grassroots politics and economy in the Qing Dynasty.