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对核事故条件下钚气溶胶源项的理论和实验研究进行了总结和评述,主要包括钚材料的氧化反应机制、气溶胶的颗粒尺寸分布以及核事故发生后钚气溶胶从事故源处释放的比率和可吸入率。进一步对比了炸药化学爆炸、静态燃烧及动态燃烧3类核事故场景中钚气溶胶的源项数据并得出结论。静态燃烧和液滴未爆炸的动态燃烧场景中钚气溶胶的生成机制类似,前者相对较低的气溶胶释放率源于反应过程中的热量损耗及固态材料对空气流动的阻碍;动态场景中液滴爆炸并泄露出大量钚蒸汽将产生更高的气溶胶率及可吸人率;炸药爆炸条件下钚材料的氧化反应是最剧烈的,将产生最高的源项数据。
The theoretical and experimental studies on the source of plutonium aerosols under nuclear accident conditions are summarized and reviewed, including the oxidation reaction mechanism of plutonium materials, the particle size distribution of aerosols and the release of plutonium aerosol from the source of accident after the nuclear accident Ratio and inhalable rate. The source data of plutonium aerosols in chemical explosion, static combustion and dynamic combustion of three types of nuclear accidents were further compared and concluded. The mechanism of formation of plutonium aerosols in the static combustion is similar to that of plutonium aerosol in the dynamic combustion scenario in which the droplets are not exploded. The relatively low aerosol release rate from the former is due to the heat loss during the reaction and the obstruction of the air flow by the solid material. Drop explosion and the release of a large amount of plutonium vapor will produce higher aerosol rates and resorbable rates; the oxidation reaction of plutonium materials under explosives explosions is the most intense and will produce the highest source data.