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帕金森病是一种由于黑质和黑质-纹状体通路病变所致的神经系统变性疾病,其临床主要特征为静止性震颤、肌强直、运动迟缓和姿势步态异常。除运动症状外,帕金森病患者还常伴发各种非运动症状,如精神神经症状、自主神经功能失调、睡眠障碍、嗅觉减退、认知障碍等。近年来,功能影像学研究在帕金森病领域进展迅猛,在帕金森病运动症状评估、病理生理学机制研究等领域得到了广泛应用,有望为其早期诊断和鉴别诊断提供重要帮助。
Parkinson’s disease is a degenerative disease of the nervous system caused by the pathological changes of the substantia nigra and the substantia nigra-striatal pathways. The main clinical features of Parkinson’s disease are resting tremor, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia and postural gait abnormalities. In addition to motor symptoms, Parkinson’s disease often accompanied by a variety of non-motor symptoms, such as neurotic symptoms, autonomic dysfunction, sleep disorders, hyposmia, cognitive disorders. In recent years, functional imaging studies have progressed rapidly in the field of Parkinson’s disease. They are widely used in the field of Parkinson’s disease assessment, pathophysiology and other fields, and are expected to provide important help for their early diagnosis and differential diagnosis.