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滇东南岩溶地区石质山地封山育林效果观测试验在砚山县铳卡农场试验示范基地的封山育林地进行 ,面积 2 0 8hm2 。依据不同立地环境所设的固定样地的观测材料 ,自 1997年起封护 3年后 ,石质山地的木本植物的平均高、地径、冠幅 ,每公顷生物量、截留量、种类 ,草本植物的生物量、总生物量和总盖度分别增加 30 3%、17 2 %、 11 8%、 42 2 %、 2 0 1%、 5 94%、 2 7 9%、 40 7%和 2 1 2 %。土壤的养分、含水率、pH值以及紧密度也产生了变化。土壤中的吸湿水、水解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质和土壤含水率分别增加 10 5 0 %、 - 8 3%、6 3%、 95 3%、 10 9%、 12 9%和 8 0 % ,土壤的pH值从 7 2 5降低到 6 6 0。植被和土壤状况的变化说明封山育林对促进石质山地植被的恢复 ,防止面蚀 ,保持水土 ,减小地表径流 ,减少水土流失 ,提高林地土壤肥力都具有明显的作用。不同坡位及坡向的封山育林以山体中部和阴坡效果最明显。
The experiment of closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation on rocky mountainous areas in southeastern Yunnan was carried out in closed hillsides of afforestation in the pilot farm of Qiongcao Farm in Yanshan County, with an area of 208hm2. According to the observation data of fixed sites set up in different sites, the average height, diameter, crown width, biomass per hectare, species interception, species , The biomass, total biomass and total coverage of herbaceous plants increased by 30 3%, 17 2%, 11 8%, 42 2%, 20 01%, 5 94%, 27 9%, 40 7% and 2 1 2%. Soil nutrients, water content, pH and tightness have also changed. Moisture, hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter and soil moisture in the soil increased by 105.0%, -83%, 63.3%, 95.3%, 109%, 129% and 80% %, Soil pH decreased from 7 2 5 to 6 6 0. The changes of vegetation and soil conditions indicate that closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation has a significant role in promoting the restoration of stony mountainous vegetation, preventing surface erosion, maintaining soil and water, reducing surface runoff, reducing soil erosion and improving forest soil fertility. Closing hillsides with different slopes and slopes have the most obvious effects in the central part of the mountain and the shady slopes.