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新制定的《考试说明》地理部分关于 能力要求第10条指出:“在给定的 时间内,完成各种地理计算或逻辑推理过程,进行文字准确、条理清楚、逻辑严密的表述。”这说明地理计算在高考中占有很重要的地位,近几年的高考题也充分证明了这一点。下面就将中学地理中所涉及的地理计算归纳如下: 一、经度和纬度的计算 例1.(2000年广东高考题) 右图中心点表示北极.阴影区为3月21日,非阴影区为3月22日。 读图并回答(1)NA的经度为__、NB的经度为__。 [解析]此题的关键是要知道地球上划分日期的界线通常情况下有两条。即一条是人为规定的日界线180°经线;另一条是地方时为24点(0点)的经线。因为NA、NB为3月21日与3月22
The geographical part of the newly-developed “exam description” on competence requirements in Article 10 states: “In a given period of time, a variety of geographical calculations or logical reasoning processes should be completed, and accurate, well-organized, and logically expressed statements should be made.” This explains Geographical calculation plays an important role in the college entrance examination. The college entrance examination questions in recent years have fully proved this point. The following is a summary of the geographical calculations involved in middle school geography as follows: 1. Calculation of Longitude and Latitude 1. (Guangdong College Entrance Examination Question in 2000) The center point on the right shows the North Pole. The shaded area is March 21. The non-shaded area is March 22. Read the graph and answer (1) The longitude of the NA is __, and the longitude of the NB is __. [Analysis] The key to this question is to know that there are usually two lines that divide the date on the earth. That is, one is a man-made date line 180° warp; the other is a local warp 24 (0) warp. Because NA, NB are March 21 and March 22