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一、近年来我国技术引进现状的基本评估我国的技术引进始于五十年代。近年来,我国技术引进取得了可喜成绩,截止1986年底,共批准引进项目2041项,合同金额94.1亿元,不少项目还填补了国内空白。然而,由于国内信息传递渠道不畅,技术引进的宏观指导不够,缺乏经验和法制不健全等原因,我国技术引进仍存在一些有待解决的问题:(1)技术引进中“来者不拒”现象突出。我国现有工业企业生产技术、设备大多是五十年代水平,“五老”(老技术、老设备、老材料、老工艺、老产品)改造繁重。企业技术改造的途径不外乎:①国家、地方政府依据产业发展规划,组织科研力量,分期分批对老企业进行技术改造;②企业通过组织专业化协作、横向经济联合,寻求新的生产组织形式和生产工艺,对现有企业进行更新改造;③引进国外先进技术、设备,对现有企业进行改造。由于我国各地方、部门以及所有制利益的摩擦,在经济增长和国家强大欲望的刺激下,必然形成在狭小外资选择空间内的自相竞争。在这种情况下,一些不法商人趁机把国外业已被淘汰或污染严重的项目引入我国,而我国又把人家过时、落后的设备当作“宝贝”重复引进,其
I. Basic assessment of the status quo of China’s technology introduction in recent years China’s technology introduction began in the fifties. In recent years, China’s technology import has made gratifying achievements. By the end of 1986, a total of 2041 projects had been approved for introduction, with a contractual amount of 9.41 billion yuan. Many projects have also filled domestic gaps. However, due to the poor information transmission channels in the country, insufficient macro guidance for technology introduction, lack of experience and imperfect legal system, etc., there are still some problems to be solved in the introduction of technology in China: (1) The phenomenon of “responsible” in technology introduction prominent. Most of the production technology and equipment of the existing industrial enterprises in China are in the fifties. The “five olds” (old technology, old equipment, old materials, old craftwork, and old products) have undergone heavy renovations. The ways of technological transformation of enterprises are nothing more than: 1 The state and local governments organize scientific research forces according to the industrial development plan, and carry out technological transformation of old companies in batches and in batches; 2 Enterprises seek new production organizations by organizing professional cooperation and horizontal economic alliances. Form and production process, the existing company to update; 3 the introduction of foreign advanced technology and equipment, the transformation of existing enterprises. Because of the frictions of various localities, departments, and ownership interests in China, under the stimulation of economic growth and the country’s strong desires, it will inevitably form a self-contained competition within a narrow selection of foreign capital. Under such circumstances, some unscrupulous businessmen took the opportunity to introduce foreign projects that have already been eliminated or seriously polluted, and China has repeatedly introduced old and outdated equipment as “baby”.