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成人迟发自身免疫性糖尿病 (LADA)是新近发现的 1型糖尿病的亚型 ,它以 2型糖尿病起病 ,胰岛 β细胞缓慢损伤为特征。研究表明它是在遗传基础上发生的细胞免疫和体液免疫造成对 β细胞的损伤。人类白细胞抗原 (HLA)易感基因、多种自身抗体如胰岛细胞抗体、谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体等及自身反应性T细胞的存在和细胞因子的异常均对LADA的预测、诊断、治疗有重要作用。早期保护其残余胰岛功能意义重大 ,而上述因素对 β细胞功能的影响尚无定论。
Late-onset autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a newly discovered subtype of type 1 diabetes characterized by onset of type 2 diabetes and slow islet β-cell damage. Studies have shown that it is on the genetic basis of cellular immunity and humoral immunity caused by β-cell damage. Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Susceptibility Genes, Multiple Autoantibodies such as Islet Cell Antibodies, Glutamate Decarboxylase Antibodies, and the Existence of Autoreactive T Cells and Cytokine Abnormalities Are Important for Prediction, Diagnosis, and Treatment of LADA effect. Early protection of its residual islet function is significant, and the above factors on the function of β-cell is not conclusive.