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目的掌握全国燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒(地氟病)防治措施落实进度、防治效果及病情变化动态,为制定燃煤污染型地氟病防治策略提供科学依据。方法按全国地方性氟中毒重点监测方案的要求,儿童氟斑牙采用Dean法,尿氟和主要食物(玉米、辣椒)采用离子选择电极法控制。结果①燃煤型地氟病病区的防治措施落实进度仍然呈现增长,改灶率增长1．52％;②病区改炉改灶总体合格率呈现增长,2004年为89．00％, 2003年为83．01％,增长了5．99％;③病区玉米、辣椒含氟量普遍超过国家标准,玉米(均值)最高超过国家标准 25倍,辣椒(均值)最高超过围家标准179倍;④病区儿童氟斑牙检出率下降,2003年在30％控制线以下的为 0,2004年已有3个监测点达到30％控制线以下。结论①燃煤型地氟病病区的防治措施落实进度虽然仍然呈现增长趋势,但是,地区差别很大,高者甚高,低者甚低;②病区玉米、辣椒氟污染相当严重;③病区病情总体上呈现一种下降趋势,但某些病区病情仍然较重。
Objective To grasp the implementation progress, prevention and control of disease and the change of disease in endemic fluorosis (earth-flu disease) in coal-burning-type in China, and provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and cure strategies of coal-borne pollution-type ground fluorine. Methods According to the national key fluorosis monitoring program, children ’s dental fluorosis was treated with Dean method, urinary fluoride and main food (corn and pepper) by ion selective electrode method. Results ① The implementation progress of prevention and cure measures of coal-borne endemic fluorosis area still showed an increase, the rate of change of focus rate was increased by 1.52%; ② The overall pass rate of change-furnace improvement showed an increase rate of 89.00% in 2004 Year was 83.01%, an increase of 5.99%; ③ ward corn, pepper fluoride content generally exceed the national standard, corn (average) up to 25 times the national standard, peppers (mean) ; ④ The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children in the ward decreased from 0 in 2003 to below 30% of the control line. In 2004, 3 monitoring points had reached below 30% of the control line. Conclusions ① Although the implementation progress of prevention and cure measures in the coal-borne endemic fluorosis area still shows an increasing trend, the areas are very different with the highest being the highest and the low one being very low; ② The pollution of fluoride in corn and pepper is very serious in the ward; ③ The overall condition of the ward presents a downward trend, but the condition of some wards is still heavy.