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人作为一种社会存在物,其现实生活是一种社会生活。而人们的生活作为一种社会性的生活则是需要约束与规范的。没有约束与规范,人们生活的有序性则成为不可能。由于人们社会生活的复杂性,社会生活需要多种不同的社会规范,而不能是单一的。单一刚性的社会规范会因过于严酷而使人们的自由受到侵蚀,而单一柔性的社会则又会因过于放任使社会限入混乱。一个有序的社会,其约束与规范必须是刚柔相济,宽严有度。但任何一种义务与责任都是一种历史的、有限的,而不是绝对的、无限的。合理地确定人们的义务与责任,是确保义务与责任公平与正义性的必要条件。那么,确定人们所应承担的义务与责任的大小与边界的坐标与尺度是什么?它就是人们所享有的实际权利。坚持权利与义务的基本平衡,是马克思主义处理义务与责任关系的一项基本原则。
As a kind of social existence, people’s real life is a kind of social life. And people’s life as a social life is the need to bind and regulate. Without restraint and norms, the order of people’s lives becomes impossible. Due to the complexity of people’s social life, social life requires a variety of different social norms, and can not be a single. A single rigid social norms will erode people’s freedom because they are too harsh, while a single flexible society will be overstretched to confuse society. An orderly society, its constraints and norms must be rigid and supple, with leniency. But any kind of obligation and responsibility is a historical, limited, but not absolute, unlimited. The reasonable determination of people’s obligations and responsibilities is a necessary condition for ensuring the fairness and justice of obligations and responsibilities. So, what is the size and boundary of the obligation and responsibility that people should assume? What is the actual right that people have? To uphold the basic balance of rights and obligations is a basic principle in the relations between the obligations and responsibilities of Marxism.