自噬是指细胞在缺乏营养和能量时,部分胞质和细胞器被包裹入一种特殊的双层膜结构的自噬体,再与溶酶体结合完成降解的过程。过去十年里,应用分子和细胞生物学方法对鼠进行转基因和基因敲除,发现自噬在细胞质量控制、固有免疫、抗原递呈、致癌作用、细菌和病毒感染等方面发挥着多种功能。2004年Kuma对首个自噬相关基因Atg5缺陷小鼠的报道证实,自噬缺陷新生鼠在出生后因无法承受断食,在12 h内死亡[1],伴随血浆氨基酸水平的降 Autophagy refers to the cell in the absence of nutrients and energy, some of the cytoplasm and organelles are wrapped into a special bilayer membrane structure of autophagosomes, and then complete the process of degradation with lysosome binding. Over the past ten years, molecular and cell biology methods have been used to genetically and gene knockout mice and autophagy has been shown to perform a variety of functions in cell quality control, innate immunity, antigen presentation, carcinogenesis, bacterial and viral infections . Kuma’s first autophagy-associated gene Atg5-deficient mice in 2004 confirmed that autophagy-deficient neonatal mice died within 12 h after birth due to unaffordable off-take [1], accompanied by a decrease in plasma amino acid levels