【编者按】无论在西方还是东方,“工匠营造”都是一种悠久的传统。设计在古代并没有专门的传授,工匠们在实践中不断积累知识和经验,从建造中领悟设计,设计与建造是合一的。后来产生的“学院派”、“鲍扎”体系虽然完成了建筑学理论的建立,并对建筑学教育产生极大影响,但是却中断了设计与建造紧密结合的传统,最终工程设计的负责人由传统的工匠变为在画室工作的职业建筑师。对此,包豪斯学校的创立者格罗皮乌斯曾在其“包豪斯宣言”中极力呼吁到:“建筑师们、画家们、雕塑家们, [Editor’s note] Whether in the West or the East, ”craftsman to create “ is a long tradition. Design in ancient times did not teach specialized, artisans in practice continue to accumulate knowledge and experience, from the construction of understanding design, design and construction is one. The ”Academic“, ”Bowza“ system that was produced later completed the construction of architecture theory and had a great influence on architecture education but interrupted the tradition of the close combination of design and construction. The final project The head of the design changed from a traditional craftsman to a professional architect working in the studio. In response, Gropius, the founder of the Bauhaus School, strongly urged in his Bauhaus Declaration: ”Architects, painters, sculptors,