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脑损伤是新生儿期危害严重的疾病之一,可导致脑瘫、运动发育迟缓、认知功能障碍及学习困难等后遗症,严重影响了新生儿的健康发育及生活质量的提高。新生儿脑损伤(NBI)是一种由多种原因导致的范围很广的疾病,其临床表现缺乏特异性,临床上在判断其损伤严重程度、持续时间及产前损伤时间等存在较大的困难,受到广大科研者及临床医师的重视。目前,影像学方法是NBI确诊的主要手段,但影像学检查通常存在滞后性和一定的局限性。体液生物标记物水平在脑损伤后会较早发生变化,通过检测其水平变化可早期预测脑损伤情况。近年来,新生儿各种体液中已检测出多种具有敏感性的脑损伤生物标记物,主要包括神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、泛素羟基末端水解酶L-1(UCH-L1)、S100B蛋白、Tau蛋白、髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、激活素A等,本研究对上述常用生物标记物在NBI中的应用情况以及研究进展进行综述,探讨其临床应用前景。
Brain damage is one of the most serious neonatal diseases. It can lead to complications such as cerebral palsy, motor retardation, cognitive dysfunction and learning difficulties, which seriously affect the healthy development of the newborn and the improvement of the quality of life. Neonatal brain injury (NBI) is a wide range of diseases caused by a variety of reasons, the clinical manifestations of the lack of specificity, the clinical judgment of the severity of the injury, duration and prenatal injury, there is a large time Difficulties, by the majority of researchers and clinicians attention. Currently, the imaging method is the main means of NBI diagnosis, but imaging studies usually lag and some limitations. The level of humoral biomarkers changes sooner after brain injury, and early detection of brain damage can be achieved by measuring the level of fluid biomarkers. In recent years, a variety of sensitive brain injury biomarkers have been detected in various body fluids of neonates, including neuron-specific enolase (NSE), ubiquitin hydroxy-terminal hydrolase L-1 (UCH-L1 ), S100B protein, Tau protein, MBP, GFAP and activin A. In this study, we reviewed the application of these common biomarkers in NBI and the research progress , To explore its clinical application prospects.