为准确评估新生儿时期肾单位发育情况，本文用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）对140例足月及早产儿作尿微量蛋白（MALB）和尿视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP）检测，发现早产儿与足月儿在相同出生阶段相比，MALB、RBP含量显著升高（P＜0．01），而早产儿日龄8－28天组与足月儿日龄7天内组相比较时MALB无显著差异（P＞0．05），RBP值仍较高（P＜0．05），说明在新生儿期早产地肾单位的发育状况明显落后于足月儿，但其发育速度相对较快，其中又以肾小球的发育较明显。 In order to accurately assess nephron development during the neonatal period, 140 cases of term and premature infants were examined for urinary microalbumin (MALB) and urinal retinol binding protein (RBP) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and found that preterm infants Compared with full-term infants, MALB and RBP levels were significantly increased at the same birth stage (P <0.01), whereas MALB at 8-8 days of preterm infants and day-7 infants at full-term infants (P> 0.05), RBP value was still high (P <0.05), indicating that in neonatal nephropathy nephron development significantly lagged behind full-term children, but the development rate is relatively fast, Among them, the development of glomeruli is more obvious.