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文中概述了德国近自然经营目标规划方法——森林发展类型的概念、设计技术指标与设计内容,分析了我国经营类型组织现状与不足;探讨将森林发展类型设计中更具有经营指导意义的参考指标(如潜在自然植被、林下更新、林分发展阶段、生命周期经营计划等)应用于我国经营类型组织过程中,并改进经营类型内容表达形式,包括林分概况、经营目标、树种组成、林分导向过程和近期经营措施4个部分,实现森林类型、立地类型与经营(措施)类型的初步统一与搭配;最后以在山西省中条山国有林管理局中村林场建立的15个经营类型示范点中的1个实例——缓坡人工油松(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.)纯林多目标经营,概况性地说明了该经营类型的设计过程。结果说明,改进后的经营类型经营目标明确、经营措施体系化,更具有经营指导性与可操作性,提高了经营效益,更有利于实现可持续经营的长期目标。
This paper summarizes the approach of near-natural business planning in Germany, including the concept of forest development type, design technical index and design content, and analyzes the status quo and shortcomings of the management type organizations in China. It also discusses the reference indexes that are more operational and manageable in the design of forest development types (Such as potential natural vegetation, undergrowth regeneration, stage of forest development, life cycle management plan, etc.) should be applied to the management of our country’s operation type, and the content of management type should be improved, including the stand of forestry, management objectives, tree species composition, Sub-oriented process and the recent management measures in four parts, to achieve the initial unity and mix of forest type, site type and operation (measure) type; Finally, with the demonstration of 15 types of operation established in Zhongcun Forest Farm of State Forestry Administration of Zhongtiaoshan in Shanxi Province An example from the point of view - Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. Pure forest multi-objective operation, gives an overview of the design of this type of business. The results show that the improved management type of business objectives clear, systematic management measures, more operational guidance and maneuverability, improve operational efficiency, more conducive to achieving the long-term goal of sustainable development.