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利用微卫星多态性进行鱼类亲子鉴定,在鱼类选育中具有重要意义。采用8个微卫星标记对黑龙江野鲤♀×德国镜鲤♂(正交组合),及德国镜鲤♀×黑龙江野鲤♂(反交组合)进行亲子鉴定。结果显示:(1)正交组中父母本和子代观测杂合度分别为0.607 1、0.714 3和0.681 8,多态信息含量依次为0.442 1、0.281 3和0.553 5;反交组中父母本和子代观测杂合度分别为0.708 3、0.538 6和0.743 8,多态信息含量依次为0.673 5、0.375 9和0.624 1,表明8个位点具有较高的多态性。(2)正交组中,8个位点累计排除率为99.92%,亲本与子代的配对率为98.00%(置信度为95%);反交组中,8个位点累计排除率为99.99%,亲本与子代的配对率为99.00%(置信度为95%)。(3)关于使用微卫星标记数与鉴定率的探讨,对3、4、5、6、7、8个微卫星标记时的累计排除率和亲子配对率进行比较,结果表明,正反交组分别利用6和8个多态性良好的引物就能正确鉴定。研究亮点:(1)将亲子鉴定技术运用在黑龙江野鲤和德国镜鲤杂交育种过程中,能够更加准确地构建家系,有效地避免近亲交配,防止种质退化;(2)对微卫星标记数与鉴定率的探讨结果表明,正反交组分别利用6和8个多态性良好的引物就能正确鉴定。
The use of microsatellite polymorphism for paternity testing of fish is of great importance in the breeding of fish. Eight microsatellite markers were used to carry out paternity tests on the common carp ♂ (Orthogonal combination) of Heilongjiang wild carp 德 × German mirror carp ♂ and the German carp ♀ × Heilongjiang wild carp ♂ (anti-cross combination). The results showed that: (1) The observed heterozygosities of parents and offspring in orthogroups were 0.607 1, 0. 714 3 and 0. 681 8, respectively, and the polymorphic information contents were 0.442, 0.2281 3 and 0.553 5, respectively; The observed heterozygosities were 0.708 3, 0.538 6 and 0.743 8 respectively, and the polymorphic information contents were 0.673 5, 0.3775 9 and 0.624 1 in turn, indicating that 8 loci had higher polymorphism. (2) In the orthogonal group, the accumulative exclusion rate of 8 loci was 99.92%, the pairing rate of parents and offspring was 98.00% (confidence was 95%), and the total exclusion rate of 8 loci was 99.99%. The pairing rate between parents and offspring was 99.00% (confidence 95%). (3) On the use of microsatellite markers and identification rate of the discussion of the 3,4,5,6,7,8 microsatellite markers of cumulative exclusion rate and parental pairing rate compared, the results show that positive and negative cross group Six and eight polymorphic primers were used to identify correctly. Research highlights: (1) Applying the paternity testing technology to the hybrid breeding of Heilongjiang wild carp and German mirror carp, we can construct a more accurate family to effectively avoid the mating of inbreeding and prevent the degradation of germplasm. (2) The results of identification and identification showed that the positive and negative crosses could be correctly identified by using 6 and 8 primers with good polymorphism respectively.