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文章论述了荒漠地衣与“沙漠生物地毯工程”。在沙坡头结皮微型生物中发现了23种地衣,其中两个新种已发表,一属6种为中国新记录。对于在腾格里沙漠东南角沙坡头地区人工植被固沙防护体系建成后的生态演替进行了分析。由于人工植被为形成结皮的微型生物提供了适宜的生长环境而导致微型生物结皮的形成和发育。在水分平衡规律的作用下漫长生态演替过程中,具有抽水机效应的人工植被使沙土深层水分消耗殆尽,从而导致人工植被自身逐年衰退。然而,与此相反的是无抽水机效应而具有固沙、固碳和抗旱功能的结皮微型生物却逐年形成并发育。这一结果为借助于结皮微型生物的接种技术在干旱沙漠构建“沙漠生物地毯工程”的可行性提供了科学依据。为了优化“沙漠生物地毯工程”利用荒漠地衣耐旱基因以构建转基因草地植物的研究也正在进行中。该研究是“沙漠生物地毯工程”基础研究的组成部分。
The article discusses the desert lichen and the “desert bio-carpet project”. Twenty-three lichens were found in Shapotou crustaceans, of which two new species have been published and one genus of six new records for China. The ecological succession of artificial vegetation fixing and sand protection system in Shapotou area southeast corner of Tengger Desert was analyzed. The formation and development of miniature biological crusts due to the artificial vegetation providing a suitable growth environment for the crusting micro-organisms. In the process of long-term ecological succession under the action of water balance, the artificial vegetation with the pumping effect depletes the deep water in the sand so that the artificial vegetation itself declines year by year. However, in contrast, crustacean micro-organisms with the function of sand-fixing, carbon fixation and drought resistance are formed and developed year by year without the effect of a pump. This result provides a scientific basis for the feasibility of constructing a “desert bio carpet project” by means of inoculation of crust micro-organisms in the arid desert. In order to optimize the “desert biological carpet project ” the use of desert lichen drought-tolerant genes to build transgenic grass plants are also underway. This research is part of the “Desert Carpet Engineering” basic research.