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技术法规内涵的界定对判断某国贸易管理规定是否受到TBT协定管辖至关重要。虽然WTO上诉机构对解释技术法规发展出了三步测试法并得到了统一适用,但在具体争端中专家组和上诉机构的理解和解释时常发生分歧。本文总结分析了欧盟-海豹制品案中上诉机构关于技术法规的解释和推理,并认为技术法规规范的是产品而非产品生产者。
The definition of technical regulations content to determine whether a country’s trade regulations are TBT agreement is crucial. Although the WTO Appellate Body developed a three-step test for the interpretation of technical regulations and has been uniformly applied, the understanding and interpretation of the panel and the Appellate Body have often diverged in specific disputes. This article summarizes and analyzes the interpretation and reasoning of the Appellate Body in the EU-SEAL case on the technical regulations and believes that the technical regulations regulate the products rather than the producers of the products.