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为了考察背景性质对ASD者搜索面孔的影响,设计两个眼动实验任务,要求14名7～10岁ASD儿童和20名同龄正常儿童观看图片。实验一采用将面孔嵌入风景图片引起语义不一致的刺激;实验二采用含有面孔的无意义背景乱序图片刺激。结果发现:(1)面孔与背景语义不一致并不能促进ASD儿童对面孔的搜索;(2)乱序背景对ASD儿童面孔搜索与加工未产生干扰作用,但使正常儿童的搜索时间变长;(3)一旦觉察到面孔,ASD儿童对面孔的注视时间少于正常儿童。表明正常儿童对面孔的搜索与加工受背景性质的影响,而ASD儿童不受背景性质的影响;一旦发现面孔,ASD儿童的注意维持较短,但面孔加工模式与正常儿童相似。
In order to investigate the effect of background nature on ASD search faces, two eye-tracking experiments were designed to require 14 ASD children aged 7 to 10 and 20 normal children of the same age to view pictures. In Experiment 1, the embedding of faces in the landscape picture caused the semantic inconsistencies. Experiment 2 was stimulated by a non-meaningless background chaotic picture with faces. The results showed that: (1) the inconsistent semantics of faces and backgrounds did not promote ASD children’s searching of faces; (2) disorder background did not interfere with ASD children’s face searching and processing, but made the searching time of normal children longer; 3) As soon as the face is perceived, ASD children have less face fixation than their normal counterparts. Indicating that normal children’s search and processing of faces are affected by the nature of the background, whereas ASD children are unaffected by the nature of the background; children with ASDs are kept short, but face processing patterns are similar to those of normal children once faces are found.