目的了解北京市平谷区中小学生营养状况,为学生营养不良及超重和肥胖的综合防治提供依据。方法根据《中小学生健康体检管理办法》等有关规定,于2014年对北京市平谷区27 237名中小学生的营养状况进行了一次基线调查。营养评价标准采用2002年《学校卫生人员培训教材》。结果不同学段营养不良情况,高中>初中>小学,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=323.41,P<0.01)。超重、肥胖高中生<初中生<小学生,差异均有统计学意义(χ_(超重)~2=52.66,P<0.01;χ~2肥胖=145.25,P<0.01)。随年龄增长,营养不良检出率增加,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4 861.60,P<0.01);随年龄增长,超重检出率呈现降低趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4 525.93,P<0.01);随年龄增长,肥胖检出率出现增高又降低的趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6 121.00,P<0.01))。营养不良者男生、女生分别为7.14%、11.73%,男生低于女生,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=168.06,P<0.01)。超重和肥胖者男生、女生分别为15.56%、15.33%,34.13%、22.19%,男生均高于女生,肥胖上男女差异有统计学意义(χ~2=64.39,P<0.01)。结论北京市平谷区中小学生的营养状况总体为营养缺乏和营养过剩并存,应尽快采取措施,在中小学生中开展营养不良和超重及肥胖的干预工作。 Objective To understand the nutritional status of primary and secondary school students in Pinggu District, Beijing, and to provide basis for students’ malnutrition and comprehensive prevention and control of overweight and obesity. Methods According to the relevant provisions of the Administrative Measures on Physical Examination of Primary and Secondary School Students, a baseline survey on the nutritional status of 27 237 primary and secondary school students in Pinggu District of Beijing was conducted in 2014. Nutrition evaluation criteria using the 2002 “school health personnel training materials.” Results Malnutrition in different sections, high school> junior high school> primary school, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 323.41, P <0.01). Overweight, obese high school students