“市民社会”在马克思的著作中主要出现在早期,与当下市民社会理论的种种思潮相较,观察的角度和立足点有很大的不同,从而引起了解释上的困难。马克思从政治经济学来解读市民社会,而当下的市民社会研究是从“国家—社会”的二元结构来理解国家权力渊源以及国家与社会的互动关系。二者之间并不矛盾。 “Civil society ” mainly appeared in the early period in Marx’s writings. Compared with the current trends of civil society theory, the perspectives and footholds of observation are very different and cause difficulties in interpretation. Marx interprets civil society from the perspective of political economy, and the current study of civil society is based on the dual structure of “state-society” to understand the origin of state power and the interaction between state and society. The two are not contradictory.