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目的探讨健康成人体成分特点及对不同年龄段人群骨密度(BMD)影响的差异。方法693例成人根据性别及年龄进行分组,全身脂肪、瘦组织质量和全身、腰椎、股骨BMD采用双能X线骨密度仪(DEXA)检测。统计学处理应用Pearson相关分析和多元逐步回归分析等。结果男性脂肪百分比低于女性[(22.15±7.12)%vs(32.30±6.84)%,P<0.01],瘦组织百分比[(73.81±6.86)%vs(61.19±10.80)%,P<0.01]和骨矿盐百分比[(4.07±0.47)%vs(3.89±0.64)%,P<0.01]明显高于女性。男性<60岁全身、腰椎、股骨BMD与瘦组织质量、脂肪质量均呈显著正相关,≥60岁腰椎BMD与脂肪质量呈正相关,但瘦组织仍影响着BMD;女性随年龄增加,各部位BMD与瘦组织质量之间相关性减弱,与脂肪质量相关性增强。多元逐步回归分析证实瘦组织是影响男性和<50岁女性BMD变异的主要因素;在以绝经后女性为主的人群,<60岁女性体质量指数(BMI)或瘦组织仍影响着BMD变异,≥60岁女性脂肪则决定BMD变异。结论男性具有较多的瘦组织,是影响男性BMD变异的主要因素;女性具有较多的脂肪成分,但对BMD影响存在年龄上的差异,是决定≥60岁女性BMD变异的主要因素。
Objective To investigate the characteristics of body composition of healthy adults and their effects on bone mineral density (BMD) in different age groups. Methods 693 adults were divided into groups according to sex and age. Body fat, body weight, body mass, lumbar spine and femur BMD were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Statistical analysis using Pearson correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results The percentage of fat in males was lower than that in females [(22.15 ± 7.12)% vs (32.30 ± 6.84)%, P <0.01], and the percentage of lean tissue was (73.81 ± 6.86)% vs (61.19 ± 10.80)% The percentage of bone mineral [(4.07 ± 0.47)% vs (3.89 ± 0.64)%, P <0.01] was significantly higher than that of female. The body mass, lumbar spine and femur BMD of male <60 years old were significantly and positively correlated with the mass and fat mass of the lumbar spine. BMD of lumbar spine was positively correlated with the fat mass at 60 years old, but the lean tissue still affected the BMD. The correlation with the quality of lean tissue was weakened, and the correlation with fat quality was enhanced. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis confirmed that lean tissue is a major factor influencing BMD variation in males and females <50 years of age; in the predominantly postmenopausal group, body mass index (BMI) or lean tissue in females <60 years still affected BMD variability, Female fat at 60 years old determines BMD variation. Conclusion Male patients with more lean tissue are the main factors that affect the variation of BMD in males. Females have more fat components, but there are differences in their effects on BMD, which are the main determinants of BMD variation in females ≥60 years old.