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目的了解民勤县小学生呼吸系统症状和疾病影响因素,以利于保护儿童健康。方法于2016年4月至5月,采用随机整群抽样的方法选取民勤县3~6年级小学生1 966名为研究对象,采用美国流行病学标准问卷(ATS-DLD-78-C)进行呼吸系统症状和疾病调查并进行影响因素的logistic回归分析。结果 1 966名小学生感冒时咳嗽、不感冒时咳嗽、持续咳嗽、感冒时咳痰、不感冒时咳痰、持续咳痰、喘鸣的发生率分别为63.9%、12.0%、8.6%、39.0%、9.8%、4.0%、10.6%,男生持续咳嗽、持续咳痰发生率高于女生(P<0.05);反复呼吸道感染、肺炎、哮喘、气管/支气管炎、过敏性鼻炎患病率分别为5.5%,1.9%,0.7%,7.0%,5.5%,反复呼吸道感染患病率与年龄呈负相关(P<0.05);logistic回归分析显示过敏史、家族史、被动吸烟、豢养宠物、大件新家具、地毯、冬春季开窗通风、煤炉取暖增加儿童发生呼吸系统症状和疾病的危险性,与父母同住是保护性因素(P<0.05)。结论多种家庭相关因素影响民勤县小学生呼吸系统健康。
Objective To understand the respiratory symptoms and disease influencing factors of primary school students in Minqin County in order to protect children’s health. Methods From January to May in 2016, a total of 1 966 primary schoolchildren aged 3-6 in Minqin County were enrolled in this study. Randomized cluster sampling was used to select the primary school students in Minqin County from January to May, 1996, using the American Academy of Epidemiology Questionnaire (ATS-DLD-78-C) Respiratory symptoms and disease surveys were performed and logistic regression analysis of influencing factors was performed. Results A total of 1 966 primary school students coughed in a cold, coughing in a cold, continuous cough, expectoration in a cold, expectoration without cough, continuous expectoration and wheezing were 63.9%, 12.0%, 8.6% and 39.0% , 9.8%, 4.0% and 10.6% respectively. The prevalence of persistent cough and persistent sputum were higher in boys than in girls (P <0.05). The prevalences of recurrent respiratory infections, pneumonia, asthma, bronchitis and allergic rhinitis were 5.5 %, 1.9%, 0.7%, 7.0% and 5.5% respectively. The prevalence of recurrent respiratory tract infections was negatively correlated with age (P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the history of allergy, family history, passive smoking, Furniture, carpets, ventilation in winter and spring windows, heating of coal stoves increased the risk of respiratory symptoms and illness in children, and staying with their parents was a protective factor (P <0.05). Conclusion Various family-related factors affect the respiratory health of primary school students in Minqin County.