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目的了解北京市怀柔区养禽人群禽流感相关防护情况,并探讨其影响因素,为制定人禽流感防护策略提供依据。方法通过典型整群抽样抽取怀柔区800名从事禽类养禽人员(包括大型养禽场从业者,个体和家庭养禽者)进行暴露情况问卷调查。结果共调查794人,其中大型禽类养禽场人员84人(10.58%),个体和家庭养禽人员710人(89.42%)。疫苗接种率为28.21%。养禽人员戴工作帽、戴护目镜、戴口罩、戴手套、穿工作服、穿鞋靴或鞋套和采取消毒洗浴防护措施的分别占12.97%、1.38%、17.50%、37.03%、22.29%、33.63%和26.44%,7项均采用者仅为0.37%。禽流感防护措施采用率与文化程度、年龄、养禽规模、养禽年限等多种因素有关;logistic回归模型显示,是否采取防护措施与养禽规模、接触年限等因素有关。结论怀柔区养禽人员存在疫苗接种率低、防护措施采用率低的现象,存在发生和流行人禽流感的隐患,应根据影响因素进行针对性的健康教育与政策扶持。
Objective To understand the protective situation of bird flu in poultry population in Huairou District of Beijing and to explore its influencing factors to provide evidence for the development of bird flu prevention strategy. Methods A total of 800 samples of poultry and poultry workers (including large-scale poultry farms, individuals and domestic poultry farmers) in Huairou District were surveyed for sampling by cluster sampling. Results A total of 794 people were surveyed, of whom 84 (10.58%) were large poultry poultry workers and 710 (89.42%) were individuals and family poultry workers. Vaccination rate was 28.21%. Poultry workers wearing working hats, wearing goggles, wearing masks, wearing gloves, wearing work clothes, wearing shoes or shoe covers and taking disinfecting bath protection measures accounted for 12.97%, 1.38%, 17.50%, 37.03% and 22.29% respectively, 33.63% and 26.44%, respectively, and only 7% of all users were 0.37%. The adoption rate of bird flu prevention measures is related to a variety of factors such as educational level, age, size of poultry and years of poultry. Logistic regression model shows whether protective measures are related to the scale of poultry and years of contact. Conclusions The vaccination rate of poultry workers in Huairou District is low, and the adoption rate of protective measures is low. There is a hidden danger of the occurrence and epidemic of bird flu. Relevant health education and policy support should be carried out according to the influencing factors.