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[目的]评估汽车装配作业工人工作相关肌肉骨骼损伤(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)危险暴露水平,探讨WMSDs暴露危险与损伤之间的关系。[方法]采用英国快速暴露检查表(QEC)和北欧标准化肌肉骨骼症状调查问卷(NMQ)对1 465名北方某汽车制造厂装配作业工人一般情况、暴露水平、WMSDs发生等情况进行流行病学调查。[结果]多数工人颈、背和肩(臂)3个部位的WMSDs处于高或极高暴露水平,不同工段作业工人风险暴露水平有差异。颈、背、肩(臂)和手(腕)4个部位WMSDs的发生率范围为4.98%～9.69%,WMSDs的发生率有随暴露水平的增加而增加的趋势。[结论]汽车装配作业工人存在WMSDs发生的暴露风险,不同身体部位和不同工段其暴露风险各有不同,颈、背、肩(臂)和手(腕)4个部位存在暴露水平-反应关系。
[Objective] To evaluate the risk exposure of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in car assembly workers and explore the relationship between the risk of WMSDs exposure and injury. [Methods] Epidemiological survey of the general situation, exposure level and occurrence of WMSDs of 1 465 northern automobile factory assembly workers was conducted by using QEC and NMQ questionnaire. . [Results] The WMSDs at the three sites of neck, back and shoulders (arms) of most workers were at high or very high level of exposure, and the risk exposures of workers in different sections were different. The incidence of WMSDs in the four sites of neck, back, shoulder (arm) and hand (wrist) ranged from 4.98% to 9.69%. The incidence of WMSDs tended to increase with the increase of exposure level. [Conclusion] There is a risk of exposure to WMSDs in automobile assembly workers. There are different exposures to WMSDs in different body parts and different sections. Exposure level-response relationship exists in 4 sites of neck, back, shoulder and wrist.