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目的分析评估光明新区三氯乙烯职业危害现状和长期接触者的健康状况。方法对15间使用三氯乙烯的工作场所进行检测,对接触三氯乙烯的81名劳动者进行职业健康检查。结果 2013-2015年间共检测126个检测点,30个点超标,三氯乙烯浓度范围为0.7~122.59 mg/m3(PC-TWA),平均浓度16.02 mg/m3(PC-TWA)。电镀行业三氯乙烯超标率高于电子行业,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.23,P=0.013);三氯乙烯接触者2015年肝功能异常率高于2013年,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.51,P=0.011);2015年血常规异常率高于2013和2014年,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.69,P=0.01;χ2=5.84,P=0.016)。结论光明新区五金行业和电镀行业的三氯乙烯使用场所通风排毒设施仍需要加强,劳动者也需要严格按照要求佩戴防护用品。
Objective To analyze and assess the current status of occupational hazards of trichlorethylene and the health status of chronic contacts in Guangming New District. Methods Fifteen laboratories using trichlorethylene were tested for occupational health checks on 81 workers exposed to trichlorethylene. Results A total of 126 test spots were detected during 2013-2015, exceeding 30 points. The concentration of trichlorethylene ranged from 0.7 to 122.59 mg / m3 (PC-TWA) with an average concentration of 16.02 mg / m3 (PC-TWA). The exceeding rate of trichlorethylene in the electroplating industry was higher than that of the electronics industry (χ2 = 6.23, P = 0.013); the abnormal liver function rate of trichlorethylene in 2015 was higher than that in 2013 (χ2 = = 6.51, P = 0.011). The blood abnormalities in 2015 were higher than those in 2013 and 2014 (χ2 = 6.69, P = 0.01; χ2 = 5.84, P = 0.016). Conclusions Ventilation and detoxification facilities in the use of trichlorethylene in the hardware and electroplating industries of the Guangming New Area still need to be strengthened, and laborers also need to wear protective equipment in strict accordance with the requirements.