细胞外刺激可通过细胞内信号传导途径介导细胞功能,包括细胞的基因表达、细胞增殖和死亡或凋亡、炎症反应和免疫反应等。细胞外刺激可主要通过两种细胞内信号传导途径调节细胞的基因转录,一是通过一系列磷酸化酶磷酸化激活下游分子的级联反应,激活胞核中的核转录因子,调节细胞 Extracellular stimulation can mediate cellular functions through intracellular signaling pathways, including gene expression of cells, cell proliferation and death or apoptosis, inflammatory reactions and immune responses. Extracellular stimulation can mainly regulate cell gene transcription through two kinds of intracellular signal transduction pathways. One is to activate the cascade of downstream molecules through a series of phosphorylase phosphorylation, activate the nuclear transcription factor in the nucleus, regulate the cell