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土壤盐渍化是喀什葛尔河流域农业发展面临的主要问题之一。采用相关分析法与主成分分析法分析了喀什葛尔河流域盐渍化土壤盐分特征。结果表明:土壤盐渍化类型以硫酸盐渍土为主,盐渍化程度为重度及中度盐渍化;土壤总盐与SO24-、K+、Na+呈显著正相关,揭示了土壤盐分大小与SO24-、K+、Na+有关;表层的总盐、各盐分离子含量均高于其余土层,即土壤盐分垂直分布呈现表聚性;盐分离子按质量分数大小在土壤剖面基本上呈自上而下的垂直分异特点;盐分组成中,阳离子以K+和Na+为主,阴离子以SO42-为主;8月份表层、0～20cm、20～40cm、40～60cm、60～80cm、80～100cm总含盐量均高于2月份。主成分分析结果表明,SO24-、K+、Na+作为研究区土壤盐渍化状况的特征因子。
Soil salinization is one of the major problems facing agricultural development in the Kashigear River Basin. The salinity characteristics of salinized soil in Kashgar valley was analyzed by correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that the main types of soil salinization were sulphate soils, the degree of salinization was severe and moderate salinization, and the total salts were positively correlated with SO24-, K + and Na + SO24-, K + and Na +. The contents of total salt and salt ions in the surface layer were higher than those in other soil layers, that is, the vertical distribution of soil salinity showed surface aggregation. The mass fraction of salt ions in soil profile was basically from top to bottom The composition of the salt composition is mainly K + and Na +, and the anion is mainly SO42-. The surface layer of August is 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm and 80-100cm Salt levels were higher than in February. Principal component analysis showed that SO24-, K + and Na + were the characteristic factors of soil salinization in the study area.