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土壤氮转化的主体是微生物,土壤有机质与根系分泌物是微生物氮转化的驱动力。综述了养分投入和作物根系通过微生物对土壤氮转化的影响。指出化肥或有机肥的投入,通过改变光合产物向根系的分配和土壤难/易有机质的数量,或直接提供微生物底物方式,改变微生物生物量、群落结构、氮转化功能基因的数量或相关酶的产生,从而影响土壤氮的转化;还指出根系通过根系分泌物或根茬还田影响土壤微生物的数量和活性,土壤有机质含量也显著影响微生物氮转化过程。总之,养分投入通过直接或间接方式影响土壤微生物,进而影响土壤养分的存在状态,最终影响作物对养分的吸收。
Soil nitrogen conversion is the main body of microorganisms, soil organic matter and root exudates are the driving force of microbial nitrogen transformation. The effects of nutrient input and crop root transformation on soil nitrogen by microorganisms were summarized. Pointed out that the input of chemical fertilizers or organic fertilizers can change the microbial biomass, community structure, the number of nitrogen transformation function genes or related enzymes by changing the distribution of photosynthetic products to the root system and the amount of soil difficult / easy organic matter, or providing the microbial substrate directly The change of nitrogen in soil was also affected. The amount and activity of soil microorganisms affected by root exudates or roots were also affected by root system. Soil organic matter content also significantly affected the process of microbial nitrogen transformation. In short, the nutrient input directly or indirectly affects soil microorganisms, thereby affecting the existence of soil nutrients, and ultimately affect the crop nutrient absorption.