本研究在邻避项目决策与“风险-利益”感知理论基础上,通过对邻避项目决策的主体(地方政府)和客体(受影响民众)的心理和行为进行分析,构建出基于两方主体“风险-利益”感知差异的决策框架,随后通过多案例比较实证分析了该框架。研究发现,两方主体在“风险-利益”感知差异上的不同水平,可能会导致邻避项目决策分别进入深度困境区、浅度困境区和困境逃选区。当决策陷入深度困境区时,可以通过有效的收益补偿、风险沟通和开放式决策,降低两方主体的“风险-利益”感知差异,实现项目决策从深度困境区向浅度困境区、困境逃选区的转移,这为邻避项目困境的破局提供了新的理论视角。 Based on the theory of “risk-benefit” perceptions, this study analyzes the psychology and behavior of the subjects (local governments) and the objects (affected people) who avoid the project decision-making, Square the main body “risk - benefit ” perceived differences in the decision-making framework, and then comparatively empirically analyzed the framework through multiple case comparison. The study found that the different levels of perceived differences in the “risk-benefit” between the two parties may lead to the decision-making of the neighbor avoidance project entering into deep-plight areas, shallow-dilemma areas and difficult-to-escape areas respectively. When the decision-making falls into the deep-plight area, we can reduce the “risk-benefit ” perceived difference between the two parties through effective compensation, risk communication and open decision-making to realize the project decision-making from the deep plight to the shallow plight, The transfer of predicament escape zone, which provides a new theoretical perspective for the breaking of the project dilemma.