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根据中国西北干旱区山前平原地区水资源转化和开发利用历史、现状与未来的趋势，可以将水资源开发利用划分为３个阶段：地表水开发利用阶段、地表水与地下水联合开发利用阶段和可用水资源的经济利用阶段。３个阶段前后衔接，相互交叉，较客观地反映了干旱区水资源开发利用层次随社会、技术进步不断提高的规律和过程。其中节水实际上在整个水资源开发利用过程中都要贯彻，但第三阶段的经济用水内涵不同于前两个阶段，特别是在灌溉农业上，包含摆脱传统观念和进行变革，具有更深层次的意义。根据调查和计算，干旱地区现净用的水量仅１６０×１０８ｍ３，只占水资源总量的１８％，还处在地表水资源开发利用不充分阶段；如完成第一阶段，可用水量能增加９１％，完成第二阶段，则可增加２１６％，潜力很大。
According to the historical, current situation and future trend of water resources conversion, development and utilization in the piedmont plain in northwestern China, the development and utilization of water resources can be divided into three stages: the stage of development and utilization of surface water, the stage of joint development and utilization of surface water and groundwater, Economic utilization of available water resources. The three stages before and after the convergence, cross each other, more objectively reflects the level of development and utilization of water resources in arid areas with the society, the continuous improvement of technological progress and rules. Water conservation is actually carried out during the entire development and utilization of water resources. However, the connotation of economic water use in the third phase is different from that of the first two phases, especially in irrigated agriculture, which includes getting rid of traditional concepts and making changes. Meaning. According to the survey and calculation, the net amount of water used in arid areas is only 160 × 108m3, accounting for only 18% of the total water resources, and is still in an insufficient stage of development and utilization of surface water resources; if the first phase is completed, the available water capacity will increase by 91% %, To complete the second phase, you can increase 216%, great potential.