论文部分内容阅读
摘 要：为促进江西省松花菜产业的发展，筛选出适合当地种植的品种及合适的播种期，引进了多个松花菜品种，在前期试验基础上，对筛选出的品种进行播期及品质的比较试验。结果表明，不同播期之间的生育期、植物学特性、花球外观性状，没有区别，而产量则存在差异，第1批产量高于第2批;同播期间，生育期及产量存在差异，而植物学特性、花球外观性状差异不大;营养品质而言，第1批播种的松花菜品种含水量、维生素C含量、粗纤维含量高于第2批，可溶性糖、粗蛋白含量则相反。综上所述，‘浙农松花50天’可以作为早熟品种，‘华松65天’‘绿松65天’‘津松75’可以作为中熟品种，‘华松100天’可以作为晚熟品种，在江西省内推广应用，从产量上说，适合早播。
关键词：松花菜; 生长情况; 营养品质
Growth situation and nutritional quality analysis of loose-curd cauliflower varieties
ZHANG Jingyun， WAN Xinjian， GUAN feng， MIAO Nansheng， SHI Bo， TU Jianhui
（Institute of Vegetables and Flowers， Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Nanchang 330200， Jiangxi， China）
Abstract： In order to promote the development of songhua cauliflower industry and screen out the varieties which are suitable for cultivation in jiangxi province， several songhua cauliflower varieties were introduced. On the basis of the preliminary test， the selected varieties were tested for the comparison of sowing date and quality. The results showed that there were no differences in growth period， botanical characteristics and appearance of flower bulb between different sowing dates， while the yield of the early sowing date was higher than the late one. There were differences in growth period and yield， but little differences in botanical characteristics and appearance of flower bulb among different varieties at the same sowing date. The contents of water vitamin C and crude fiber of the early sowing date were higher than these of the late one， while the contents of soluble sugar and crude protein showed a reverse trend. In conclution，‘Zhejiangsonghua 50 days’ could be used as early-maturing variety， ‘Huasong 65 days’， ‘Lvsong 65 days’ and ‘Jinsong 75’ could be used as mid-maturing variety， ‘Huasong 100 days’ could be demonstrated in Jiangxi province as late-maturing variety. The cauliflower is suitable for early sowing for high yield in Jiangxi province.
Key words： Loose-curd cauliflower; Growth situation; Nutritional quality
松花菜（散花菜），又叫有机花菜，是十字花科甘蓝属花椰菜中的一个类型，由于其花球在充分膨大时形态不紧实，与普通花菜相比表现松散，故名松花菜。其具有花梗嫩绿，品质脆甜，耐煮性好，食味鲜美，以及维生素C、可溶性糖含量高的特点，深受消费者的喜爱，因此，在国内大中城市迅速流行，并被消费者冠以“好吃花菜”的美誉[1-3]。目前，松花菜在我国的种植面积逐年增长，早在2012年，顾宏辉等[4]就对我国松花菜产业现状及前景进行了分析预测，今后几年松花菜将成为花椰菜消费的主要类型之一，發展潜力巨大。因此，近些年，国内研究松花菜品种选育的单位逐年增多，陆续育成很多品种。例如，‘津松70’[5]、‘‘津松66’’[6]、‘瀛松90’[7]、‘浙农松花50天’[8]、‘鹿松90天’[9]等等，并且各个品种的特性及表现均较好。进而各地开始引进松花菜品种，进行品种比较试验，筛选适合本地区种植的松花菜品种，张翠霞等[10]引进5个松花菜品种，筛选出了合适上海地区种植的65 d松花菜品种。杨鸯鸯等[11]引进4个松花菜品种进行品种比较试验，筛选出了在当地丰产、优质与抗病的品种。赵振卿等[12]在浙北松花菜秋季栽培区选择试点，对6个早熟松花菜新品种进行了比较试验。近几年，江西省松花菜的种植面积也在增长，而有关选择适合江西地区种植的松花菜品种的研究还鲜见报道。因此笔者在引进多个松花菜品种基础上，针对不同品种进行最适播种期的试验，进而测定不同播种期松花菜品种的营养品质，从而筛选出适合江西地区种植的品种及合适的播种期，旨在为蔬菜产业结构调整及农民增收提供科学依据。
关键词：松花菜; 生长情况; 营养品质
Growth situation and nutritional quality analysis of loose-curd cauliflower varieties
ZHANG Jingyun， WAN Xinjian， GUAN feng， MIAO Nansheng， SHI Bo， TU Jianhui
（Institute of Vegetables and Flowers， Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Nanchang 330200， Jiangxi， China）
Abstract： In order to promote the development of songhua cauliflower industry and screen out the varieties which are suitable for cultivation in jiangxi province， several songhua cauliflower varieties were introduced. On the basis of the preliminary test， the selected varieties were tested for the comparison of sowing date and quality. The results showed that there were no differences in growth period， botanical characteristics and appearance of flower bulb between different sowing dates， while the yield of the early sowing date was higher than the late one. There were differences in growth period and yield， but little differences in botanical characteristics and appearance of flower bulb among different varieties at the same sowing date. The contents of water vitamin C and crude fiber of the early sowing date were higher than these of the late one， while the contents of soluble sugar and crude protein showed a reverse trend. In conclution，‘Zhejiangsonghua 50 days’ could be used as early-maturing variety， ‘Huasong 65 days’， ‘Lvsong 65 days’ and ‘Jinsong 75’ could be used as mid-maturing variety， ‘Huasong 100 days’ could be demonstrated in Jiangxi province as late-maturing variety. The cauliflower is suitable for early sowing for high yield in Jiangxi province.
Key words： Loose-curd cauliflower; Growth situation; Nutritional quality
松花菜（散花菜），又叫有机花菜，是十字花科甘蓝属花椰菜中的一个类型，由于其花球在充分膨大时形态不紧实，与普通花菜相比表现松散，故名松花菜。其具有花梗嫩绿，品质脆甜，耐煮性好，食味鲜美，以及维生素C、可溶性糖含量高的特点，深受消费者的喜爱，因此，在国内大中城市迅速流行，并被消费者冠以“好吃花菜”的美誉[1-3]。目前，松花菜在我国的种植面积逐年增长，早在2012年，顾宏辉等[4]就对我国松花菜产业现状及前景进行了分析预测，今后几年松花菜将成为花椰菜消费的主要类型之一，發展潜力巨大。因此，近些年，国内研究松花菜品种选育的单位逐年增多，陆续育成很多品种。例如，‘津松70’[5]、‘‘津松66’’[6]、‘瀛松90’[7]、‘浙农松花50天’[8]、‘鹿松90天’[9]等等，并且各个品种的特性及表现均较好。进而各地开始引进松花菜品种，进行品种比较试验，筛选适合本地区种植的松花菜品种，张翠霞等[10]引进5个松花菜品种，筛选出了合适上海地区种植的65 d松花菜品种。杨鸯鸯等[11]引进4个松花菜品种进行品种比较试验，筛选出了在当地丰产、优质与抗病的品种。赵振卿等[12]在浙北松花菜秋季栽培区选择试点，对6个早熟松花菜新品种进行了比较试验。近几年，江西省松花菜的种植面积也在增长，而有关选择适合江西地区种植的松花菜品种的研究还鲜见报道。因此笔者在引进多个松花菜品种基础上，针对不同品种进行最适播种期的试验，进而测定不同播种期松花菜品种的营养品质，从而筛选出适合江西地区种植的品种及合适的播种期，旨在为蔬菜产业结构调整及农民增收提供科学依据。