目的:研究头花蓼(Polygonum capitatum)富含黄酮活性组分的化学成分。方法:应用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、MCI、RP-18及半制备HPLC等各种色谱技术对头花蓼富含黄酮活性组分进行分离纯化,根据化合物的理化常数和波谱数据鉴定其结构。结果:从头花蓼活性组分中分离得到14个化合物,通过波谱数据和理化常数分别鉴定为1-O-β-D-(6’-O-没食子酰基)-吡喃葡萄糖基-3-甲氧基-5-羟基苯(1)、5,7-二羟基色原酮(2)、鞣花酸(3)、杨梅苷(4)、陆地棉苷(5)、芦丁(6)、槲皮素-3-O-(2″-O-没食子酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7)、槲皮素-3-O-(3″-O-没食子酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)、槲皮苷(9)、山奈酚-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(10)、槲皮素-3-O-(2″-O-没食子酰基)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(11)、槲皮素-3-O-(3″-O-没食子酰基)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(12)、槲皮素(13)、山萘酚(14)。结论:头花蓼富含的黄酮活性组分主要含有黄酮醇及其苷类成分,这些成分可能是头花蓼的药效物质基础;其中化合物1、8和12为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物3为头花蓼中首次分到。 Objective: To study the chemical constituents of active ingredients of Polygonum capitatum rich in flavonoids. Methods: The flavonoids of Polygonum capitatum were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI, RP-18 and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the compounds were identified by physicochemical constants and spectral data. Results: Fourteen compounds were isolated from the active constituents of Polygonum capitatum and identified as 1-O-β-D- (6’-O- galloyl) -Glucopyranosyl-3-A (2), ellagic acid (3), myricitrin (4), gossypin (5), rutin (6) Quercetin -3-O- (2 “-O-galloyl) -β-D-glucopyranoside (7), quercetin -3-O- (3” -O- galloyl) (8), quercitrin (9), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (10), quercetin-3-O- - galloyl) -alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (11), quercetin -3-O- (3 "-O- galloyl) -alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (12) Dermatin (13), mountain naphthol (14). CONCLUSION: The flavonoids active ingredients of Polygonum capitatum mainly contain flavonols and their glycosides, which may be the basis of pharmacodynamics of Polygonum capitatum. Among them, compounds 1, 8 and 12 were isolated from this genus for the first time The compound 3 was first assigned to Polygonum capitatum.