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细胞重编程是指分化的细胞在特定条件下经过去分化恢复到全能性或多能性状态,或者通过转分化将一种类型的体细胞转变成另外一种类型的细胞的过程。利用重编程技术获得的诱导型多能干细胞,谱系重编程技术获得的组织干细胞或组织细胞,具有患者特异性或者疾病特异性,可以显著减少免疫反应,同时也解决了临床细胞治疗的种子细胞来源问题,具有极大的临床应用价值。但是,另一方面,重编程效率低下和安全性问题却一直是其临床应用的瓶颈。近年来,人们围绕如何优化重编程方法进行了深入的研究,特别是对细胞重编程过程所涉及到的分子机制,包括表观遗传调控机制和上皮间质转化机制在这个过程中的作用有了更深入的认识。此外,采用非整合型载体和利用化学诱导方法替代转录因子的方式也提高了重编程的安全性。该文将就这一领域的研究进展作一综述。
Cell reprogramming refers to the process by which differentiated cells are dedifferentiated to pluripotent or pluripotent states under specific conditions or transformed by transdifferentiation into one type of somatic cell to another type of cell. Induced pluripotent stem cells obtained using reprogramming technology, tissue stem cells or tissue cells derived from lineage reprogramming technology are patient-specific or disease-specific and can significantly reduce the immune response as well as the source of seed cells for clinical cell therapy Problem, with great clinical value. However, on the other hand, reprogramming inefficiencies and safety issues have always been bottlenecks in their clinical application. In recent years, many researches have been conducted on how to optimize the reprogramming methods, especially the molecular mechanisms involved in cell reprogramming process, including epigenetic regulation and the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in this process More in-depth understanding. In addition, the use of non-integrated vectors and the use of chemical induction methods to replace transcription factors also improve the reprogramming safety. This article will review the research progress in this area.