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前言硬度作为表征材料抵抗另一更硬物体压入其表面的能力,是材料的重要力学性能之一。通常情况下,硬度值与材料的使用性能和工艺性能,如抗弹性和塑性变形能力、抗拉强度、接触可靠性、耐磨性和切削性能等,均密切相关,而且硬度测试属于一种无损检验,操作简单易行,不需要特别制备样品。因此,无论在科学研究中还是在生产上,硬度被广泛用作材料重要检测手段。在日常生产条件下往往用硬度试验部分地或全部地取代其他性能指标的测试。例如,热处理车间经常按零件的硬度要求来确定热处理工艺,并以硬度作为热处理后质量检查的标准。
INTRODUCTION Hardness is one of the important mechanical properties of a material as a means of characterizing the ability of a material to resist the intrusion of another harder object into its surface. In general, hardness values are closely related to material properties and process properties such as anti-elasticity and plastic deformation, tensile strength, contact reliability, abrasion resistance and cutting performance, etc., and the hardness test belongs to a nondestructive Inspection, easy to operate, do not need special preparation samples. Therefore, whether in scientific research or in production, hardness is widely used as an important material testing method. In daily production conditions are often replaced by hardness test some or all of the other performance indicators of the test. For example, the heat treatment plant often determines the heat treatment process according to the hardness requirements of the part and uses the hardness as a standard for quality inspection after heat treatment.