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土壤动物在陆地生态系统物质循环和能量流动中起着重要作用,直接或间接的参与土壤有机质的分解与矿化;长期施肥对土壤理化性质产生影响的同时,改变了土壤动物群落组成。为查明紫色土长期施肥对土壤动物群落的影响及其响应关系,于2008年的5、7、9和11月分别对紫色土农田无肥对照(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、常规化肥氮磷钾(NPK)、有机肥(OM)、有机肥与化肥氮磷钾混施(OMNPK)、秸秆还田(RSD)和秸秆还田与化肥氮磷钾混施(RSDNPK)等7种长期施肥定位试验地的土壤动物群落进行调查,采用改良的干漏斗和湿漏斗两种方法,共获得土壤动物9454只,隶属7门17纲24目。分析表明,OM和RSDNPK两种施肥方式下土壤动物群落的多样性显著高于CK、N和NPK等3种施肥方式,说明有机物料的长期投入有利于提高土壤动物群落丰富度和多样性。方差分析表明施肥方式对土壤动物主要类群密度的影响差异性极显著(F=42.412,P=0.0001),对土壤动物群落类群影响存在不均衡性。施肥方式主要影响农田土壤动物类群的种群个体数量、线虫动物门个体数量、大蚓类个体数量、甲螨亚目个体数量、密度-类群指数DG及土壤动物群落类群数等六个指标,初步认为这些主要类群因素能够预测长期施肥引起的土壤肥力变化,可能对指示土壤质量的变化具有一定潜力。
Soil animals play an important role in the material circulation and energy flow of terrestrial ecosystems, directly or indirectly involved in the decomposition and mineralization of soil organic matter. Long-term fertilization has an impact on soil physical and chemical properties, while changing the composition of soil fauna. In order to investigate the effects of long-term fertilization on soil fauna community and its response, purple soil fertility control (CK), nitrogen application (N), conventional Fertilizer NPK, OM, OMNPK, RSD and RSDNPK combined with fertilizers, Soil animal communities under long-term fertilization and location experiment were investigated. 9454 soil animals were obtained by using improved dry funnel and wet funnel, belonging to 7 orders, 24 orders and 24 orders. The results showed that OM and RSDNPK soil fertility of the community diversity was significantly higher than CK, N and NPK and other three kinds of fertilization methods, indicating that long-term input of organic materials is conducive to improving soil fauna community richness and diversity. Analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference (F = 42.412, P = 0.0001) in the effect of fertilization on the density of soil fauna. There was an imbalance in the impact on soil fauna. The main mode of fertilization affected six indexes of soil fauna, such as individual number of nematode, individual nematode, number of individual large earthworm, number of individual mite mite, density-group index DG and soil fauna, These major group of factors can predict the change of soil fertility caused by long-term fertilization, which may have some potential for indicating the change of soil quality.