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目的:调查我院儿科下呼吸道感染患者痰培养病原菌分布特征,并分析主要病原菌的耐药性情况.方法:对我院2016年1月至2016年12月收集的1439份痰样本分离出的病原菌种类和耐药性试验结果进行整理分析.结果:1439份痰样本中401份病原菌培养阳性,阳性率为27.87％;共分离出病原菌421株,统计前5位的病原菌中革兰氏阳性菌包括90株金黄色葡萄球菌(21.38％)和31株肺炎链球菌(7.36％),革兰氏阴性菌包括86株大肠埃希菌(20.43％)、76株肺炎克雷伯菌(18.05％)和39株流感嗜血杆菌(9.26％).金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎链球菌构成比有统计学差异(P＜0.05),大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌构成比无显著性差异(P＞0.05),但二者均显著高于流感嗜血杆菌构成比(P＜0.05).金黄色葡萄球菌对喹努普汀/达福普汀、利奈唑烷、呋喃妥因、替加环素、万古霉素、莫西沙星和左旋氧氟沙星无耐药性,但对克林霉素、红霉素和青霉素G的耐药率可分别达到58％、62％和96％.大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对丁胺卡那霉素、厄他培南和亚胺培南耐药率均为0,但对头孢唑啉和氨苄西林耐药率可分别高达55％和65％、62％和76％结论我院下呼吸道感染小儿痰培养病原菌阳性率较高,病原菌以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌为主,并存在耐药现象,临床医师应根据我院病原菌分布特征和耐药性情况合理应用抗生素.","Objective To investigate the distribution of pathogens in sputum culture of pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infection in our hospital, and to analyze the drug resistance of major pathogens. Methods The results of pathogen species isolated from 1439 sputum samples and drug resistance testwere analyzed in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2016.Results 401 strains of positive pathogen culture were found in 1439 sputum samples, and the positive rate was 27.87％, from which a total of 421 pathogens were isolated. Gram-positive bacteria was consisted of 90 staphylococcus aureus (21.38％) and 31 streptococcus pneumoniae (7.36％), and Gram-negative bacteria included 86 strains of escherichia coll (20.43％), 76 strains of klebsiella pneumoniae (18.05％) and 39 strains of haemophilus influenzae (9.26％) in pathogens whose numbers were in the top five. The constituent ratio between staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumonia was statistically different (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the composition ratio of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumonia (P＞0.05), but both were significantly higher than the haemophilus influenzae (P＜0.05). Staphylococcus aureus were not resistant to quinopramine / dalfopristin, linezolid, nitrofurantoin, tigecycline, vancomycin, moxifloxacin and levofloxacin, but resistant rates to clindamycin, erythromycin and penicillin G were 58％, 62％ and 96％, respectively. The resistance rates of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae to amikacin, etopatinic and imipenem were 0, but the resistance rates to cefazolin and ampicillin could be as high as 55％ and 65％, 62％ and 76％, respectively. Condusion The positive rate of pathogens in sputum culture of pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infection in our hospital was higher. The pathogens were mainly staphylococcus aureus, wscherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae, and there was drug resistance. The clinicians should know the distribution of pathogens and drug resistance to direct rational application of antibiotics. Should be a reasonable application of antibiotics.