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目的:通过对上林县2014年麻疹疫情及预防控制措施分析,探讨疫情暴发原因及控制措施,为今后麻疹防控工作提供依据。方法:对病例进行流行病学调查分析,采用ELISA方法检测血清麻疹IgM抗体及采咽拭子进行麻疹病毒核酸检测。结果:上林县2014年共报告麻疹病例37例,报告发病率为7.55/10万,较2013年发病率上升了640%,无死亡病例。病例以散居儿童最多23例,占62.16%;4-6月份是发病高峰,占59.46%;上林县有十个乡镇病例分布在八个乡镇,其中大丰镇占86.49%;含麻疹成分疫苗免疫史空白有12例,占病例总数的32.43%。结论:免疫空白及麻疹抗体水平低是麻疹暴发流行的重要原因,加强儿童含麻疹成分疫苗及时接种率、强化麻疹监测敏感性和控制院内感染是预防控制麻疹流行的关键。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the causes and control measures of outbreaks of measles in Shanglin County in 2014 and the prevention and control measures, and provide the basis for the prevention and control of measles in the future. Methods: Epidemiological investigation of the cases were carried out. Serum measles IgM antibodies and throat swabs were detected by ELISA for detecting measles virus nucleic acid. Results: A total of 37 cases of measles were reported in Shanglin County in 2014, with a reported incidence rate of 7.55 / 100 000, an increase of 640% over 2013 and no deaths. The cases of scattered children up to 23 cases, accounting for 62.16%; peak incidence in April-June, accounting for 59.46%; Shanglin County, ten towns and townships were distributed in eight towns, including Dafeng Town accounted for 86.49%; measles-containing vaccine 12 cases of blank history of immunization, accounting for 32.43% of the total number of cases. Conclusion: The low immunization blank and measles antibody levels are the main reasons for the outbreak of measles. The key to prevent and control the epidemic of measles is to strengthen the timely vaccination rate of measles vaccine, strengthen the sensitivity of measles surveillance and control nosocomial infection.