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目的了解厦门市粉尘作业职业健康监护工作和尘肺病发病特点。方法对2006—2010年职业卫生统计年报表和职业健康检查结果汇总资料以及2006年以前尘肺病诊断资料进行回顾性研究。结果 2010年厦门市197家接尘企业接尘人数的总接触率为10.42%,总实检率88.79%,不同规模接尘企业实检率构成的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);2006—2010年粉尘作业人员实检率均大于80%,检出率在0.99%～2.54%之间。尘肺病是该市主要的职业病,发病平均工龄和年龄明显缩短,病种主要是矽肺和电焊工尘肺。结论该市已建立了较规范的粉尘作业职业健康监护体系。尘肺病仍是该市主要的职业病,中、小型企业尘肺病发病形势严峻,发病年龄趋于年轻化、发病工龄明显缩短。
Objective To understand the occupational health monitoring work and the characteristics of pneumoconiosis in dust operation in Xiamen City. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the summary data of occupational health statistics and occupational health examination results from 2006 to 2010 and the diagnostic data of pneumoconiosis before 2006. Results The total contact rate of dust pick-up enterprises among 197 enterprises in Xiamen in 2010 was 10.42% and the total check-in rate was 88.79%. There was a statistically significant difference between the actual pick-up rates of dust pick-up enterprises in different sizes (P <0.01). 2006 In 2010, the actual inspection rate of dust workers was more than 80% with the detection rate between 0.99% and 2.54%. Pneumoconiosis is the major occupational disease in the city. The average length of service and the age of onset are significantly shortened. The main diseases are silicosis and electrician pneumoconiosis. Conclusion The city has established a more standardized occupational health monitoring system for dust work. Pneumoconiosis is still the major occupational disease in the city. The incidence of pneumoconiosis among medium and small-sized enterprises is grim, the age of onset tends to be younger, and the length of service is obviously shortened.