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高迁移率族蛋白A1(high mobility group protein A1,HMGA1)作为基因激活的特定辅助因子,其本身并没有转录作用,而是通过DNA-蛋白质促进基因转录的稳定性这一机制来激活启动子。HMGA1可通过影响胰岛素受体及胰岛素样生长因子1受体的表达及其信号转导,导致胰岛素的分泌减少及脂肪细胞的分化不良,从而出现胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病的表型。然而,HMGA1缺失的小鼠模型却表现出对胰岛素高度敏感。人与小鼠的外周组织对胰岛素敏感性上的差异可能与视黄醇结合蛋白有关。
As a specific cofactor for gene activation, high mobility group protein A1 (HMGA1) does not itself transcribe but activates the promoter through the mechanism that DNA-protein promotes the stability of gene transcription. HMGA1 can influence the phenotype of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes by affecting the expression of insulin receptor and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and its signal transduction, resulting in decreased insulin secretion and poorly differentiated adipocytes. However, HMGA1-deficient mouse models have shown to be highly insulin sensitive. Differences in insulin sensitivity between human and mouse peripheral tissues may be related to the retinol binding protein.