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在中国近现代史上的“古今中西”文化之争的历史过程中,以梁漱溟为开山祖师和主要代表的现代新儒家学派、以毛泽东为集大成者的马列主义唯物史观派和以胡适等人为代表的自由主义西化派是三种影响最大的流派。梁漱溟的文化观是一种绝对整体主义文化观,本质上是一种主观文化论和文化决定论。毛泽东的文化观则克服了主观文化论和文化决定论的错误,科学地解决了文化的民族性和时代性的关系,奠定了社会主义文化建设的基本方向和基本原则。
In the historical process of the “ancient and modern Chinese and Western” cultural struggles in modern history of China, the modern Neo-Confucian school with Liang Shuming as its founder and main representative, the Marxist-Leninist historical materialism school with Mao Zedong as the master, and Hu Shi et al as his representatives Liberal Westernization is the three most influential genres. Liang Shuming’s view of culture is an absolute holistic view of culture, which is essentially a kind of subjective cultural theory and cultural determinism. Mao Zedong’s concept of culture overcame the mistakes of subjectivism and cultural determinism, scientifically solved the relationship between cultural nationality and the times, and laid the basic direction and basic principles for the construction of socialist culture.