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在火灾等紧急情况下,可见度较低时的行人疏散与正常时的疏散情况有明显的区别。基于前人成果的基础上,通过引入从众效应阐述了可见度较低时的元胞自动机疏散理论模型,并定义区分了普遍性从众、理性从众和盲目从众。研究结果表明:理性从众对疏散能够起到良好的优化作用;盲目从众对疏散的作用效果具有不可预测性,在某些情况下盲目从众甚至会对疏散起到严重阻碍的作用。因此,建议在条件允许的条件下积极采用理性从众的行为方式,尽量避免采用盲目从众。研究还发现,理性从众对疏散的优化效果基本不受初始行人数量、出口宽度和可视距离的影响。
In an emergency such as a fire, there is a clear difference between the evacuation of pedestrians when the visibility is low and the evacuation during normal times. Based on the achievements of predecessors, this paper introduces the theory of evacuation of Cellular Automata with low visibility through the introduction of herd effect, and defines the distinction between universal follow, rational congregation and blind obedience. The results show that: Rational Congregation can play a good role in evacuation; Unpredictable effects of blind congregation evacuation and in some cases blind Congregation may even play a significant role in evacuation. Therefore, it is suggested that we should adopt rational follow-up behavior actively under conditions permitting, and try to avoid blind follow-up. The study also found that the rational crowd evacuation effect is basically not affected by the initial number of pedestrians, exit width and visual distance.